where('role', 'manager') ->where(function ($query) { $query->whereNull('permissions') ->orWhere('permissions', '[]') ->orWhere('permissions', 'null') ->orWhere('permissions', ''); }) ->update(['permissions' => $defaults]); } /** * Reverse the migration (no-op — we cannot know original values). */ public function down(): void { // Cannot reverse: original null/empty values are indistinguishable } };