Refactor auth middleware (#36848)

Principles: let the caller decide what it needs, but not let the
framework (middleware) guess what it should do.

Then a lot of hacky code can be removed. And some FIXMEs can be fixed.

This PR introduces a new kind of middleware: "PreMiddleware", it will be
executed before all other middlewares on the same routing level, then a
route can declare its options for other middlewares.

By the way, allow the workflow badge to be accessed by Basic or OAuth2
auth.

Fixes: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36830
Fixes: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues/36859

modules/web/routing/context.go

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ func MarkLongPolling(resp http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 }
 
 // UpdatePanicError updates a context's error info, a panic may be recovered by other middlewares, but we still need to know that.
-func UpdatePanicError(ctx context.Context, err any) {
+func UpdatePanicError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
 	record, ok := ctx.Value(contextKey).(*requestRecord)
 	if !ok {
 		return